RADICAL CHANGING VERBS

These verbs have unorthodox spelling in the present tense in most cases, but, are regular in the past tense. In these cases, We(Nos) takes on the spelling and pronounciation of a regular verb. But, We(Nos) is the only case.

Present Tense
1. Cerrar
-to close
cierro Cierra Cerramos Cierran – to close
2.Contar
- to count, to tell a story
Cuento Cuenta Contramos Cuentan
3. Encontrar
- to find
Encuento Encuenta Encontramos Encuentan
4. Entender
- to understand
Entiendo Entiende Entendemos Entienden
5. Establecer
- to establish
Establezco Establece Establecemos Establecen
6. Jugar
- to play
juego Juega Jugamos juegan
7. Pensar
- to think
Pienso Piensa Pensamo Piensan
8. Perder
- to lose
Pierdo Pierde Perdemos Pierden
9. Preferir
- to prefer
Prefiero Prefiere Preferimos Prefieren
10. Recordar
- to remember
Recuerdo Recuerda Recordamos Recuerdan
11. Servir
- to serve
Sirvo Sirve Servimos Sirven

Families of the Irregular Verbs:
3. ENCONTRAR- to find
These following verbs follow the same pattern as Encontrar.
Refer to the table.

Acordar- to remind
Acostar- to put to bed
Apostar- to bet
Aprobar- to approve
Colar- to strain
Comprabar- to prove
Consolar- to console
Contar- to count
Costar- to cost
Demostrar- to demonstrate
Descontar- to discount
Encontrar- to find, to encounter
Mostrar- to show
Probar- to try, to test, to prove, to taste
Recordar- to remember
Renovar- to renew
Rodar- to roll
Soltar- to let loose
Sonar- to sound
Tostar- to toast
Tronar- to thunder
Volar- to fly

5. ESTABLECER- to establish
These following verbs follow the same pattern as Establecer.
Compadecer- to feel sorry for, to sympathize
Conocer- to know (people)
Crecer- to grow
Desaparecer- to disappear
Desobedecer- to disobey (with)
Merecer- to deserve
Nacer- to be born
Obedecer- to obey
Ofrecer- to offer
Parecer- to seem like
Reconocer- to recognize

7. PENSAR- to think
The following verbs have the same pattren as Pensar.
Apretar- to squeeze
Atravesar- to cross (a street)
Calentar- to heat
Cerrar- to close
Confessar- to confess
Desconcertar- to disconcert
Despertar- to wake up
Desaparecer- to disappear
Desobedecer- to disobey (with)
Encerrar- to lock up
Merecer- to deserve
Nacer- to be born
Obedecer- to obey
Ofrecer- to offer
Parecer- to seem like
Reconocer- to recognize

7. PENSAR- to think
The following verbs have the same pattern as Pensar.
Apretar- to squeeze
Atravesar- to cross (a street)
Calentar- to heat
Cerrar- to close
Confessar- to confess
Desconcertar- to disconcert
Despertar- to wake up
Encerrar- to lock up
Governar- to govern
Helar- to freeze
Manifestar- to manifest
Quebrar- to break
Recomendar- to recommend
Regar- to irrigate, to sprinkle
Regimentar- to regiment
Remendar- to mend
Reventar- to burst
Sembrar- to plant
Temblar- to tremble
Tentar- to feel (to touch), to test (to try)
Sentar- to seat

8. PERDER- to lose
Ascender- to ascend, to climb
Atender- to attend (a person), to help (a person)
Concernir- to concern
Defender- to defend
Descender- to descend, to go down
Encender- to light (a fire)
Entender- to understand
Extender- to extend
Heder- to stink
Perder- to lose
Tender- to hang (clothes), to spread out, to lay out, to set (i.e.a trap)

9. PREFERIR- to prefer
These following verbs follow the same pattern as #5 Establecer.
Arrepentirse- to regret, to be sorry, to repent
Consentir- to consent
Convertir- to convert
Digereir- to digest
Divertirse- to have a good time, to have fun
Herir- to wound
Hervir- to boil
Invertir- to invert (to reverse), to invest
Mentir- to tell a lie
Pervertir- to pervert
Referir- to refer
Requirir- to request
Sentir- to feel
Sugerir- to suggest

Present Tense

Section A

Verb I He, she, it We they
1.Hacer Hago hace Hacemos Hacen
- to do
2.Poner Pongo pone ponemos ponen
- to put
3.traer Traigo trae Traemos Traen
- to bring
4.caer Caigo cae Caemos Caen
- to fall
5.Salir Salgo sale Salimos Salen
- to go out
6.tenir Tengo tiene Tenemos Tienen
- to have
7. Caber Quepo Cabe Cabemos Caben
- to fit, to make room for
8.Venir Vengo viene Venimos Vienen
- to come
9.Oir Oigo oye Oimos Oyen
- to hear
10.Decir Digo dice Decimos Dicen
- to say

Section B- the ending will be oy for the first person singular

11.Ir voy Va vamos van
- to go
12.Estar estoy Esta estamos estan
- to be
13.Dar doy Da damos son
- to give
14.Ser soy Es somos son
- to be

Section C- the present tense has extreme changes

15.Poder Puedo puede Podemos Pueden
- to be able
16.Querer Quiero quiere QueremosQuieren
- to love, to want
17.Traducir Traduzco Traduce Traducimos Traducen
- to translate

Section D- no real pattern

18.Saber Se sabe Sabemos saben
- to know
19.Ver Veo ve Vemos ven
- to see

Section E- the present tense is the same as a regular AR verb

20.Andar Ando anda andamos andan
- to walk

Section F- E changes to IE (E?IE)

21. Fregar Friego Friega Fregamos Friegan
- to scrub
22. Cegar Ciego Ciega Cegamos Ciegan
- to blind
23. Negar Niego Niega Negamos Niegan
- to deny
24. Sosegar Sosiego Sosiega Sosegamos sosigan
- to quiet, to calm

Section G- O changes to UE of these IR Verbs

25Dormir DuermoDuermeDormimosDuermen
- to sleep
26. Morir Muero Muere Morimos Mueren
- to die

Section H- O changes to UE of these AR Verbs

27.Colgar Cuelgo Cuelga ColgamosCuelgan
- to deny

28. Rogar Ruego Ruega Rogamos Ruegan
- to beg
29. Volcar Vuelco Vuelca Volcamos Vuelcan
- to overturn
30.Almorzar Almuerzo almuerza almorzamos almuerzan
- to have lunch

Section I- E changes to IE

31. Comenzar comienzo Comienza comenzamos comienzan
- to begin, to start

Other Relatives of Non-conformist Verbs
These verbs follow the same rules of the non-conformist verbs that are shown in the above cells.
2. PONER (see cell #2 above)
All the following verbs change like the verb Poner- to put.
Componer- to compose
Descomponer- to decompose, to spoil, to get out of order
Disponer- to dispose
Exponer- to expose
Imponer- to impose
Oponer- to oppose
Proponer- to propose

6. TENER (see cell # 6 above)
All of the following verbs change like the verb Tener- to have.
Abstener- to abstain
Contener- to contain
Detener- to detain
Entretener- to entertain
Mantener- to support
Obtener- to obtain
Retener- to retain
Sostener- to maintain

17. TRADUCIR (see cell #19 above)
All of the following verbs change like the verb Traducir- to translate.
Conducir- to drive ???
Producir- to produce
Reducir- to reduce
Reproducir- to reproduce

30. ALMORZAR- to have lunch
The following verbs have the same irregular pattern.
Esforzar- to make an effort
Forzar- to force

31. COMENZAR- to begin, to start
The following verbs have the same irregular spelling patterns.
Empezar- to begin
Trapezar- to stumble

Past Tense
We- all endings are IMOS
They, Them- all endings are IERON
*Note* All these verbs take on the same spelling, except for the endings
(i.e.) QUISe, QUISo, QUISimos, QUISieron
DIJe, DIJo, DIJimos, DIJieron

Verb I He, she, it We They

1.Tenir Tuve tuvo tuvimos Tuvieron
- to have
2.Estar Estuve estuvo estuvimos Estuvieron
- to be
3.Andar Anduve anduvo anduvimos Anduvieron- to walk
4.Poner Puse puso pusimos Pusieron
- to put
5.Poder Pude pudo pudimos Pudieron
- to be able
6.Saber Supe supo supimos Supieron
- to know
7.Venir Vine vino vinimos Vinieron
- to come
8.Hacer Hice hizo hicimos Hicieron
- to make
9.Querer Quise quiso quisimos Quisieron
- to want, to love

10.Decir Dije dijo dijimos Dijeron – to say
11.Traer Traje trajo trajimos Trajeron
- to bring

Regular past tense of the IR and ER Verb

12.Salir Sali salio Salimos Salieron
- to go out
13.Ver Vi vio Vimos Vieron
- to see

Unorthodox endings
14.Oir Oi oyo Oimos oyeron
- to hear
15.Caer Cai cayo Caimos cayeron
- to fall
16.Traducir Traduje tradujo tradujimos tradujeron
- to translate

These verbs have identical endings
17.Ir fui Fue fuimos Fueron
- to go
18.Ser fui Fue fuimos Fueron
- to be

This Ar verb has the past tense of an ER verb
19.Dar di dio dimos Dieron
- to give

The present and past tense of these verbs have the same pattern.

21. Fregar FregueFrego Fregamo Fregaron
- to scrub
22. Cegar Cegue Cego Cegamos Cegaron
- to blind
23. Negar Negue Nego Negamos Negaron
- to deny
24.Sosegar Sosegue Sosego Sosegamos sosegaron
- to quiet, to calm

The present and past tense of these verbs have the same pattern. Note how the o changes to a u for el, ella, ellos, ellas, and ustedes.

25.Dormir Dormi Durmio Dormimo durmieron
- to sleep
26. Morir Mori Murio Morimos Murieron
- to die

Same spelling pattern of the past tense and present tense of these AR Verbs

27. Colgar Colgue Colgo Colgamo Colgaron
- to deny
28. Rogar Rogue Rogo Rogamos Rogaron
- to beg

This verb has almost a regular past tense, except for the first person singula.r

29.Volcar Volque Volco Volcamos volcaron – to overturn

The next to verbs have a regular past tense, except for the first person singular, I

30. Almorzar almorce almorzo Almorzam almorzaron
- to have lunch
31.Comenzar ComenceComenzoComenzamos Comenzaron
- to start

USING
NON-CONFORMIST VERBS

TENER- to have
In English, a lot of feelings are explained with the word am. For example, I am hungry.
However, in Spanish, the am is replaced with the English translation have. For example, the speliing for “I am hungry” spells like “I have hunger”.
Here is a list of many of the uses of Tener.
There will be other uses listed later.

Tengo hambre. I am hungry. (I’m hungry.)
Tengo frio. I am cold.
Tengo calor. I am hot.
Tengo sed. I am thirsty.
Tengo sueno. I am sleepy.
Tengo miedo. I am afraid.
Tengo tos. I have a cough.
Tengo catarro. I have a cold.
Tengo razon. I am right.
Tengo dolor de estomago. I have a stomach ache.
Tengo dolor de cabeza. I have a headache.
Tengo dolor de muela. I have a toothache.
Tengo sueno. I am tired.
Tengo ganas de… I feel like… past Tuve ganas de… I felt like…
i.e. Tengo ganas de correr. I feel like running.

Tiene ambre? Are you hungry?
Tiene frio? Are you cold?
Tiene calor? Are you warm?
Tiene sed? Are you thirsty?
Tiene sueno? Are you tired?
Tiene miedo? Are you afraid?
Tiene tos? Do you have a cough?
Tiene catarro? Do you have a cold?
Tiene razon? Are you right?
Tiene un ano. I am one year old. Question: Cuantos anos tiene? How old are you?

Que tiene? What is wrong with him/her/you? or What does he have?

Tengo que… I have to. i.e.) Tengo que escuchar. I have to listen.
Tiene que…He/you had to. or You have to? i.e.) Tiene que caminar? You have to walk?
Tenemos que… We have to… i.e.) Tenemos que hablar. We have to talk.
Past
Tuve que… I had to… Tuve que comer. I had to eat.
Tuvo que… Did you have to? Tuvo que hablar? Did you have to speak?
Tuvieron que… They had to… Tuvieron que vender la casa. They had to sell the house.

QUERER- to want, to love
Quiero comer. I want to eat.
He querido verlo. I have wanted to see him.
Quiero a mi hija. I love my daughter.
Maria queria a su esposo. Maria loved her husband.
Queremos al nene. We love the baby.

PODER- to be able
Puedo comer. I can eat.
Puede comer. You can eat.
Puede ver? You can see?
No puedo ir. I can’t go.

HACER- to make
The verb Hacer (to make) is used to replace it’s in English. For example, hace calor is it’s hot in English.
There are also other uses of the verb explained in this section.

IT’S
Here is a list of examples for it’s.
Hace calor. It’s hot.
Hace mucho frio. It is very cold.
Hizo calor ayer. It was hot yesterday.
Hizo frio ayer. It was cold yesterday.
Hace viento. It is windy.
Que calor! What heat!

“AGO”
Hace un momento. A moment ago.
Hace una hora. An hour ago.
Hace una semana. A week ago.
Hace un mes. A month ago.
Hace un ano. A year ago.
Hace mucho tiempo. A long time ago.
Hace poco tiempo. A short time ago.

HACER CASO. To pay attention.
No hace caso. You don’t pay attention.
No hace caso. He doesn’t pay attention.
No hacen caso. They don’t pay attention.
No hice caso. I did not pay attention.
No hizo caso. He did not pay attention.
No hizo caso. You did not pay attention.

HACER DANO. To be bad for…
Me hace dano. It’s bad for me.
Me hace dano las drogas. The drugs are bad for me.

HACER FALTA. To miss, to need
Me hacen falta mi madre. I miss my mom.
Me hacen falta las olas. I miss the waves.
Me hizo falta Maria. I miss Maria.

ER verbs and IR verbs are identical in all their present tense forms except one. For the plural (we) the ending is EMOS in ER verbs while the plural (we) is IMOS for IR verbs.
*Note* There are non-conformist verbs that end in ER that will follow a different set of rules, such as the verb Poner ( to put).

ER VERBS
(Present and Past Tense)
(i.e.) Vender, to sell

Present Tense

I You(personal) You,He,She,It You(plural),Them Us
(COMING SOON)

For a personal you (i.e. a friend or family member), add an s(vendes)

Past Tense

I You(personal) You,He,She,It You(plural),Them Us
(COMING SOON)

For a personal you (i.e. a friend or family member), add an iste(vendiste)
ER VERBS
Aprender- to learn
Barrer- to sweep
Beber- to drink
Comer- to eat
Correr- to run
Coser- to sew
Deber- to owe2) must, have to 3) should (ought to)
Prometer- to promise
Sorprender- to surprise

ER VERBS
Similar Sounding in English and Spanish

Absorber- to absorb
Abstener- to abstain
Aprehender- to apprehend, to arrest
Atender- to attend
Cometer- to commit
Comprehender- to comprehend
Comprometer- to compromise
Conceder- to concede
Condescender- to condescend
Convencer- to convince
Corresponder- to correspond
Depender- to depend
Descender- to descend
Detener- to detain, to arrest
Disolver- to dissolve
Emerger- to emerge
Establecer- to establish
Exceder- to exceed
Extender- to extend
Favorecer- to favor
Mover- to move
Obtener- to obtain
Ofender- to offend
Ofrecer- to offer
Proceder- to procede
Promoter- to promise
Restablecer- to reestablish
Resolver- to resolve
Suspender- to suspend

NON-CONFORMIST ER VERBS
(see non-conformist verbs)
Amanecer- to dawn 2. To show 3. To wake up
Conmover- to move emotionally
Desobedecer- to disobey
Escoger- to choose, to pick, to select
Obedecer- to obey
Reconocer- to recognize
Suponer- to suppose, to assume
Volver- to return, to come back

(Not similar sounding in English)
(Present and Past Tense)
(i.e.) Vivir, to live

Present Tense

I You(personal) You,He,She,It You(plural),Them Us
Vivo Vives Vive Viven Vivemos

For a personal you (i.e. a friend or family member), add an s(vives).

Past Tense

I You(personal) You,He,She,It You(plural),Them Us
Vive Viviste Vivo Vivieron Vivemos

Verbs that end in UIR (i.e. Instruir- to instruct)
Present Tense

I You(personal) You,He,She,It You(plural),Them Us
(COMING SOON)

Past Tense

I You(personal) You,He,She,It You(plural),Them Us
(COMING SOON)

-Verbs that end in CIR (i.e. Reducir- to reduce)
Present Tense

I You(personal) You,He,She,It You(plural),Them Us
(COMING SOON)

For a personal you (i.e. a friend or family member)

Past Tense

I You(personal) You,He,She,It You(plural),Them Us
(COMING SOON)

IR VERBS
Asistir- to attend
Batir- to beat
Crecir- to grow, to increase
Escribir- to write
Oir- to hear
Seguir- to follow 2. To go along 3. To keep on going
Vivir- to live

IR VERBS
(Sounding Almost Identical in English)
* denotes irregular verb
Abolir- to abolish
Admitir- to admit
Aplaudir- to applaud
Adquirir- to aquire
Aludir- to allude
Arguir- to argue*
Asumir- to assume
Atribuir- to attribute*
Competir- to compete
Concernir- to concern
Concluir- to conclude*
Confundir- to confuse
Consentir- to consent
Consistir- to consist
Constituir- to constitute*
Construir- to construct, to build*
Consumir- to consume
Contradecir- to contradict*
Contribuir- to contribute*
Convertir- to convert 2. To change 3. To exchange money
Decidir- to decide
Definir- to define
Describir- to describe
Descubrir- to describe
Destruir- to destroy*
Diferir- to differ
Digerir- to digest
Diluir- to dilute*
Discutir- to discuss
Disminuir- to diminish*
Distribuir- to distribute*
Divergir- to diverge
Dividir- to divide
Eludir- to elude
Emitir- to emit
Evadir- to evade
Excluir- to exclude*
Exhibir- to exhibit
Existir- to exist
Expandir- to expand
Extinguir- to extinguish*
Impedir- to impede
Imprimir- to imprint
Incluir- to include
Inducir- to induce
Influir- to influence
Infringir- to infringe
Inhibir- to inhibit
Insistir- to insist
Instruir- to instruct*
Interrumpir- to interrupt
Invadir- to invade
Inquirir- to enquire
Instituir- to institue*
Intervenir- to intervene
Introducir- to introduce*
Invertir- to invert
Obstruir- to obstruct*
Occurir- to occur
Omitir- to omit
Permitir- to permit, to allow
Persistir- to persist
Persuadir- to persuade
Pervertir- to pervert
Preferir- to prefer*
Prescibir- to prescibe
Presidir- to preside over
Presumir- to presume
Prevenir- to prevent
Producir- to produce*
Prohibir- to prohibit
Prostituir- to prostitute*
Reconstruir- to reconstruct*
Redefinir- to redefine
Redescubrir- to rediscover
Redimir- to redeem
Redistribuir- to redistribute*
Reducir- to reduce*
Referir- to refer
Rendir- to render
Repetir- to repeat
Reproducir- to reproduce*
Requirer- to require
Residir- to reside
Resistir- to resist
Revertir- to revert
Revivir- to revive, to re-live
Seducir- to seduce*
Servir- to serve
Subscribir- to subscribe
Subsistir- to subsist
Sufrir- to suffer
Sugerir- to suggest
Sumergir- to submerge
Suscribir- to subscribe
Sustituir- to substitute*
Transferir- to transfer
Transmitir- to transmit

AR VERBS
(Not similar sounding in English)
(Present and Past Tense)
(i.e.) Tomar, to take

Present Tense

I You(personal) You,He,She,It You(plural),Them Us
Tomo Tomas Toma Toman Tomamos

For a personal you (i.e. a friend or family member), add an s (tomas).

Past Tense

I You(personal) You,He,She,It You(plural),Them Us
Tome Tomaste Tomo Tomaron Tomamos

For a personal you (i.e. a friend or family member), remove the ar and add ‘aste’ (tomaste).

Acabar- 1. to finish 2. to have just done
Acentuar- to accent
Alimentar- to feed, to nourish
Almorzar- to have lunch
Alquilar- to rent
Amaestrar- to train animal
Arregular- to arrange
Assegurar- to assure
Aterrizar- to land, to touch down
Aprovechar- to take advantage of
Atropellar- 1. to knock down 2. to run over 3. to violate, to abuse
Ayudar- to help
Bajar- to go down, to get off (i.e. a train, bus)
Bailar- to dance
Besar- to kiss
Bromear- to joke, to fool around
Cambiar- to change
Cantar- to sing
Castigar- to punish
Cocinar- to cook
Comprar- to buy
Contestar- to answer
Cuidar- to take care of
Danar- to damage
Decomisar- to confiscate, seize
Dejar- to leave
Descartar- to rule out, to reject
Despenalizar- to decriminalize
Detentar- to hold, to retain
Dudar- to doubt
Encantar- to charm, to delight 2. to enchant, to bewitch
Encargar- to put in charge of
Entrenar- to train athletes
Firmar- to sign
Fiscalizar- 1. to audit, to inspect 2. to oversee, to criticize
Ganar- to win
Gritar- to shout
Hablar- to speak
Ingresar- to admit 2. To go in, to enter
Lavar- to wash
Limpiar- to clean
Llevar- 1. To take away, to carry 2. To wear 3. To take, to lead
Llorar- to cry
Mandar- to send
Manejar- to drive 2. To operate, to manage
Mostrar- to show, to exibit, to display
Nacar- to be born
Nadar- to swim
Odiar- to hate
Pasar- to pass, to spend time, to
happen
Pesar- 1. to think over 2. to weigh
Pintar- to paint
Planchar- to iron
Quedar- to remain, to stay
Rescatar- 1. to rescue 2. to recover, to get back
Revisar- to check (inspect)
Regressar- to return
Sacar- to take out, to pull out
Saltar- to jump
Soterrar- 1. To bury 2. to conceal, to hide away
Tapizar- to upholster, to carpet
Terminar- to finish
Tomar- to take, to drink
Trabajar- to work
Vigilar- to look after 2. To keep an eye on
3. to watch, to guard

MORE AR VERBS
(verbs sound almost identical in English)
Abandonar- to abandon
Abortar- to abort
Abreviar- to abbreviate
Accessar- to access
Accelerar- to accelerate
Aceptar- to accept
Acidificar – acidify
Aclamar- to acclaim, to cheer
Aclimitar- to acclimatize
Acomodar- to accomodate
Acompanar- to accompany
Acreditar- to accredit, to authorize
Activar- to activate
Acumilar- to accumulate
Acusar- to accuse
Adaptar- to adapt
Adicionar- to add
Administrar- to administer
Admirar- to admire
Adoptar- to adopt
Adorar- to adore
Afirmar- to affirm
Adjustar- to adjust, to adapt 2. To settle, to resolve
Afectar- to affect
Afiliarse- to affiliate
Afirmar- to affirm, to state
Agitar- to agitate
Agonizar- to agonize
Agravar- to aggravate
Ajustar- to adjust
Alfabetizar- to alphabetize
Alertar- to alert
Alienar- to alienate
Alterar- to alter
Alternar- to alternate
Alucinar- to hallucinate
Amortizar- to amortize
Amplificar- to amplify
Amputar- to amputate
Analizar- to analyze
Anestesiar- to anesthetize
Animar- to animate
Anotar- to annotate
Anticipar- to anticipate
Anular- to annul, to cancel
Anunciar- to announce
Apartar- to go apart, to move away
Aplicar- to apply
Apprehender- to apprehend
Apreciar- to appreciate
Aproximar- to approximate
Archivar- to archive, to file
Argumentar- to argue
Arrestar- to arrest
Arrivar- to arrive
Articular- to articulate
Asaltar- to assault
Ascender- to ascend
Asignar- to assign
Asimilar- to assimilate
Asociar- to aasociate
Aspirar- to aspire to
Atacar- to attack
Atormentar- to torment
Autentificar- to authenticate
Automatizar- to automate
Autorizar- to authorize
Avaluar- to evaluate
Avisar- to advise, to warn
Balancar- to balance
Batallar- to battle
Beatificar- to beautify
Beneficiar- to benefit
Bloquear- to block
Bordear- to border
Brutalizar- to brutalize
Cachar- to catch
Calibrar- to calibrate
Calcular- to calculate
Camuflajear- to camouflage
Camuflar- to camouflage
Cancelar- to cancel
Canibalizar- to cannibilize
Castrar- to castrate
Causar- to cause
Celebrar- to celebrate
Censurar- to censor
Cesar- to cease
Circular- to circulate
Civilizar- to civilize
Clasificar- to classify
Coagular- to coagulate
Colectar- to collect
Combinar- to combine
Comentar- to comment on
Commercializar- to commercialize
Comparar- to compare
Compensar- to compensate
Compilar- to compile
Completar- to complete
Complicar- to complicate
Computar- to compute
Comunicar- to communicate
Concentar- to concentrate
Condenar- to condemn
Condensar- to condense
Conectar-to connect
Confesar- to confess
Confiar- to confide, to trust
Confinar- to confine
Confirmar- to confirm
Confiscar- to confiscate, seize
Confornar- to conform
Confrontar- to confront
Conjugar- to conjugate
Conservar- to conserve
Considerar- to consider
Conspirar- to conspire
Consultar- to consult
Contagiar- to be contagious
Contaminar- to contaminate
Contemplar- to contemplate
Continuar- to continue
Controlar- to control
Conversar- to converse
Cooperar- to cooperate
Coordinar- to coordinate
Copiar- to copy
Corrugar- to corrugate
Costar- to cost
Crear- to create
Criticar- to criticize
Cultivar- to cultivate
Curar- to cure
Declarar- to declare
Declinar- to decline
Decorar- to decorate
Dedicar- to dedicate
Degradar- to degrade
Deformar- to deform
Demandar- to demand
Demostrar- to demonstrate
Deportar- to deport
Depravar- to deprave
Depreciar- to depreciate
Derivar- to derive from
Desarmar- to disarm
Descontar- to discount
Desertar- to desert,to defect
Deshonrar- to dishonor
Deshumanizar- to dehumanize
Designar- to designate
Desintegrar- to disintegrate
Desmantelar- to dismantle
Desregular- to deregulate
Detallar- to detail
Deteriorar- to deteriorate
Determinar- to determine
Detestar- to detest
Detonar- to detonate
Dilatar- to dilate
Dinamitar- to dynamite
Disenar- to design
Disociar- to dissociate
Disperar- to disperse
Disputar- to dispute
Distanciar- to distance, to space out
Diversificar- to diversify
Divorciar- to divorce
Documentar- to document
Dominar- to dominate
Donar- to donate
Duplicar- to duplicate
Eclipsar- to eclipse
Editar- to edit
Educar- to educate
Electrificar- to electrify
Electrocutar- to electrocute
Elevar- to elevate
Emigrar- to emigrate
Emplear- to employ
Endosar- to endorse
Entrar- to enter
Envidiar- to envy
Escalar- to escalate
Escapar- to escape
Especificar- to specify
Estarngular- to strangle
Estimar- to estimate
Estimular- to stimulate
Estructuar- to structure
Estudiar- to study
Evacuar- to evacuate
Evaluar- to evaluate
Evaporar- to evaporate
Exagerar- to exagerate
Exagerar- to exagerate
Examinar- to examine
Excavar- to excavate
Exitar- to excite
Exclamar- to exclaim
Excusar- to excuse
Exapansionar- to expand
Experimentar- to experiment
Explicar- to explain
Explorar- to explore
Exportar- to export
Exterminar- to exterminate
Eyectar- to eject
Facilitar- to facilitate
Fascinar- to fascinate
Fatigar- to fatigue
Figurar- to figure
Filmar- to film, to to shoot
Filtrar- to filter
Finalizar- to finalize
Financiar- to to finance
Flotar- to float
Fluctuar- to fluctuate
Forjar- to forge
Formalizar- to formalize
Formar- to form
Formular- to formulate
Fornicar- to fornicate
Fortificar- to fortify
Forzar- to force
Fossilizarse- to fossilize
Fotografiar- to photograph
Fraccionar- to fractionize, to divide, break up
Fragmentar- to fragment
Fraternalizar- to fraternalize
Frecuentar- to frequent
Frustar- to frustrate
Fumigar- to fumigate
Fusionar- to fuse
Galopar- to gallop
Galvanizar- to galvanize
Garantizar- to guarantee
Generalizar- to generalize
Germinar- to germinate
Glorificar- to glorify
Governar- to govern
Graduar- to graduate
Granular- to granulate
Gratificar- to gratify
Gravitar- to gravitate
Guardar- to guard
Guiar- to guide
Habitar- to inhabit
Habituar- to habituate
Hibernar- to hibernate
Hidratar- to hydrate
Homogenizar- to homogenize
Honrar- to honor
Hospitalizar- to hospitalize
Humillar- to humiliate
Idear- to make ideas, to think up
Ignorar- to ignore
Iluminar- to illuminate
Ilustrar- to illustrate
Imaginar- to imagine
Imitar- to imitate
Impactar- to impact
Implantar- to implant
Implicar- to implicate
Importar- to import, to be important
Imposibilitar- to make impossible
Impregnar- to impregnate
Impressionar- to impress, to make an impression
Improvisar- to improvise
Incapacitar- to incapacitate
Incentivar- to give incentive, to encourage
Incinerar- to incinerate
Incitar- to incite
Inclinar- to incline
Incorporar- to incorporate
Incriminar- to incriminate
Incubar- to incubate
Independizarse- to become independent
Indexar- to index
Indicar- to indicate
Individualizar- to individualize
Industrializar- to industrialize
Infectar- to infect
Inflamar- to inflame
Inflar- to inflate
Informar- to inform
Inhalar- to inhale
Iniciar- to initiate
Inmovilizar- to immobilize
Innovar- to innovate
Inocular- to innoculate
Inseminar- to inseminate
Insertar- to insert
Insinuar- to insinuate
Inspeccionar- to inspect
Inspirar- to inspire
Instalar- to install
Instigar- to instigate
Insular- to insulate
Insultar- to insult
Integrar- to integrate
Intensificar- to intensify
Interceptar- to intercept
Interesar- to interest
Interpretar- to interpret
Interrogar- to interrogate
Intimidar- to intimidate
Intoxicar- to intoxicate, to poison
Intrigar- to intrigue
Inventar- to invent
Inventariar- to inventory
Investigar- to investigate
Invitar- to invite
Inyectar- to inject
Ionizar- to ionize
Irradiar- to irradiate
Irrigar- to irrigate
Irritar- to irritate
Justificar- to justify
Juzgar- to judge
Lacerar- to lacerate
Lamentar- to lament, to hurt
Laminar- to laminate
Legalizar- to legalize
Legislar- to legislate
Legitimar- to legitimize
Liberar- to liberate
Limitar- to limit
Liquidar- to liquefy
Listar- to list
Litigar- to litigate
Localizar- to localize
Lubricar- to lubricate
Machetear- to hack with a machete
Madurar- to mature
Magnetizar- to magnetize
Magnificar- to magnify
Manipular- to manipulate
Marcar- to mark
Marchar- to march
Masacar- to massacre
Masturbarse- to masterbate
Maximar- to maximize
Mecanizar- to mechanize
Mediar- to mediate
Medicar- to medicate
Meditar- to meditate
Memorizar- to memorize
Mencionar- to mention
Menstruar- to menstruate
Metabolizar- to metabolize
Militar- to serve in military
Militarizar- to militarize
Modelar- to model
Moderar- to moderate
Modificar- to modify
Monopolizar- to monopolize
Mortificar- to mortify
Motivar- to motivate
Mobilizar- to mobilize
Mutar- to mutate
Multiplicar- to multiply
Murmurar- to murmur
Mutilar- to mutilate
Nacionalizar- to nationalize
Narcotizar- to drug
Naturalizar- to naturalize
Negociar- to negociate
Neutralizar- to neutralize
Nominar- to nominate
Normalizar- to normalize
Notar- to notice, to note
Notificar- to notify
Novelar- to make a novel out of
Obliterar- to obliterate
Observar- to observe
Obsesionar- to obsess
Occupar- to occupy
oficializar- to make official
Oficiar- to officiate
Operar- to operate
Opinar- to opinionate
Optar- to opt for
Ordenar- to order
Organizar- to organize
Orientar- to orient
Originar- to originate
Ornamentar- to ornament
Orquestar- to orchestrate
Oscilar- to oscillate
Ovular- to ovulate
Oxidar- to oxidize
Oxigenar- to oxygenate
Obligar- to obligate
Ocupar- to occupy
Operar- to operate
Pacificar- to pacify
Palpitar- to palpitate
Paralizar- to paralyze
Parquear- to park
Participar- to participate
Pasar- to pass, to pass by
Pasteurizar- to pasteurize
Patentar- to patent
Pavimentar- to pave
Pelar- to peel
Peligrar- to be in danger
Penar- to punish
Penetrar- to penetrate
Perfeccioanr- to perfect
Perferar- to perforate
Perforar- to perforate
Perfumar- to perfume
Perpetrar- to perpetrate
Perpetuar- to perpetuate
Personificar- to personify
Peticionar- to petition
Piquetear- to picket
Plagar- to plague
Piratear- to pirate
Plagiar- to plagiarize
Planear- to plan
Planificar- to plan
Plantar- to plant
Poblar- to populate
Polarizar- to polarize
Polonizar- to pollinate
Ponderar- to ponder
Populizar- to popularize
Posar- to pose
Posibilitar- to make possible
Posicionar- to position
Posponer- to postphone
Postular- to postulate
Practicar- to practice
Precipitar- to precipitate
Predominar- to predominate
Prejuzgar- to prejudge
Premeditar- to premeditate
Preoccupar- to be preoccupied, worried
Preparar- to prepare 2. To train, to coach
Presenciar- to be present at
Presentar- to present
Preservar- to preserve
Presurizar- to pressurize
Proclamar- to proclaim
Procesar- to process
Profesar- to profess, declare
Profetizar- to prophesize
Programar- to program
Progressar- to progress
Pronunciar- to pronounce
Propagar- to propagate
Prosperar- to prosper
Prospectar- to prospect
Proyectar- to project
Psicoanalizar- to psychoanalyze
Publicar- to publish
Publicitar- to publicize
Pulverizar- to pulverize
Purificar- to purify
Racionalizar- to rationalize
Racionar- to ration
Radiar- to radiate
Ratificar- to ratify
Reacondicionar- to recondition
Reafirmar- to reaffirm
Readjustar- to readjust
Realinear- to realign
Realizar- to realize
Recitar- to recite
Reclamar- to reclaim
Reclinar- to recline
Recomendar- to recommend
Reconciliar- to reconcile
Reconsiderar- to reconsider
Rectificar- to rectify
Recuperar- to recuperate
Reexaminar- to reexamine
Refinar- to refine
Reformar- to reform
Refrescar- to refresh
Refrigerar- to refrigerate
Regenerar- to regenerate
Registrar- to register
Regular- to regulate
Regulizar- to make regular
Rehabilitar- to rehabilitate
Reinar- to reign
Reinstalar- to reinstall
Reiterar- to reiterate, repeat
Relacionar- to relate, to connect
Relatar- to relate
Remediar- to remedy
Remodelar- to remodel
Renovar- to renew
Renumerar- to renumerate
Renegociar- to renegociate
Rentar- to rent
Reparar- to repair
Replicar- to replicate
Reportar- to report
Reportear- to report on, to cover
Representar- to represent
Reservar- to reserve
Resignar- to resign
Respirar- to breath, respirate
Resucitar- to resusitate
Retirar- to retire
Revisar- to revise
Rivalizar- to rival
Robar- to rob
Rotar- to rotate
Sacrificar- to sacrifice
Sancionar- to sanction
Satirar- to satirize
Saturar- to saturate
Separar- to separate
Signar- to sign
Significar- to signify
Silenciar- to silence
Simbolizar- to symbolize
Simplificar- to simplify
Simular- to simulate
Sincronizar- to synchronize
Situar- to situate
Sofocar- to suffocate
Solicitar- to solicit
Solidificar- to solidify
Solucionar- to fine a solution
Soportar- to support
Subcontratar- to subcontract
Sublimar- to sublimate
Subordinar- to subordinate
Tabular- to tabulate
Taclear- to tackle
Telefonear- to telephone
Telegrafiar- to telegraph
Televisar- to televise
Temblar- to tremble
Temperar- to temper
Tensar- to tense
Teorizar- to theorize
Terminar- to terminate
Testificar- to testify
Tolerar- to tolerate
Torturar- to torture
Tostar- to toast
Totalizar- to total
Traficar- to traffic in
Transformar- to transform
Transpirar- to transpire
Transportar- to transport
Triplicar- to trip
Trotar- to trot
Truncar- to truncate
Unificar- to unify
Uniformar- to make uniform
Urinar- to urinate
Usar- to use
Utilizar- to utilize
Vacacionar- to vacation
Vagabundear- to vagabond
Valorar- to value
Vaporizar- to vaporize
Variar- to vary
Vegetar- to vegetate
Ventilar- to ventilate
Verbalizar- to verbalize
Verificar- to verify
Vibrar- to vibrate
Victimizar- to victimize
Vindicar- to vindicate
Visitar- to visit
Visualizar- to visualize
Vocalizar- to vocalize
Volatizar- to volatize
Vomitar- to vomit
Vulcanizar- to vulcanize
Vulgarizar- to vulgarize

Mexico and Latin America are very easy places to socialize, even for those with antisocial personalities. Their culture is much more social. You can almost talk to anybody and have some sort of conversation without feeling like an outcast. If you exhibited the same behavior in a major North American city like downtown Vancouver, people would probably think you are insane.

Traveling itself can bring out the social being. When you are on the road, you can let it all hang out without bearing consequences of an established citizen.

Furthermore, your security in Latin America will vary a great amount. Most tourist resorts in Mexico are rather safe, but, some small towns will be unsafe unless you understand the language or try to ft in. But, other countries like Guatemala may have a few places where a tourist feels comfortable, like Tikal, Penajachel, and Chichicastenango. In all neighborhoods in countries like El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Belize, experienced and novice Latin American travelers may feel unsafe. Most spots that are away from resorts tend to me more accomodating to the traveler, rather than the tourist. It is easier to pass through a third world country wearing clothes that are borderline dirty or dirty, a tired face from lack of sleep, unkept hair, and a small buzz rather than wearing nice clothes, carrying a new suitcase, and looking like a clean, North American citizen.

Learning the Spanish language is tough. But, to make things a little easier on you I will show you a list of words that are nearly identical in English spelling, although slightly different in pronunciation.

If you can always keep these word endings in the back of your mind, your vocabulary will grow and you will use words that have basically the same spelling.

Here is a list of the similar word endings;
***Note*** Spanish nouns (people, places, or things) will have a masculine(el) or feminine(la) prefix. These must be memorized separately. However, to make things simple, feminine nouns such as women, las mujeres, will take on a feminine prefix (las).

IDENTICAL SPELLING

OR
Most words that end in (OR) in English are the same spelling as in Spanish. For example, the English word doctor is el doctor in Spanish.

AL
Most words that end in (AL) in English are the same spelling as in Spanish.
(i.e.) animal = el animal

BLE
Words that end in (BLE) in English tend to have the same spelling as in Spanish
(i.e.) cable = el cable

ALMOST IDENTICAL SPELLING

IC (English) = ICO, ICA (Spanish).
Many words that end in (IC) in English are spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (ICO or ICA).
(i.e.) mechanic (English) = el mecanico

ENT (English) = ENTE (Spanish).
Words that end in (ENT) in English are often spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (ENTE).
(i.e.) president = el presidente
However, some words end in ento. (i.e. talent (English) = el talento (Spanish)

ANT (English) = ANTE (Spanish).
Words that end in (ANT) in English are spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (ANTE).
(i.e.) restaurant = el restaurante

IST (English) = ISTA (Spanish).
Words that end in (IST) in English are spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (ISTA).
(i.e.) dentist = el dentista

CT (English) = CTO (Spanish).
Words that end in (CT) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (CTO).
(i.e.) product = el producto

UTE (English) = UTO (Spanish).
Words that end in (UTE) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (UTO).
(i.e.) minute = el minuto

URE (English) = URA (Spanish).
Words that end in (URE) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (URA).
(i.e.) future = la futura

INE (English) = INA (Spanish).
Words that end in (INE) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (INA).
(i.e.) gasoline = la gasolina

CY (English) = CIA (Spanish).
Words that end in (CY) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (CIA).
(i.e.) agency = la agencia
*Note* The nouns are feminine (la, las).

CE (English) = CIA (Spanish).
Words that end in (CE) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (CIA).
(i.e.) distance = la distancia
*Note* The nouns tend to be mostly feminine (la, las) with a few masculine exceptions.

IN (English) = INA (Spanish).
Words that end in (IN) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (INA).
(i.e.) penicillin = la penicilina

TION (English) = CION (Spanish).
Words that end in (TION) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (CION).
(i.e.) invitation = la invitacion

OUS (English) = OSO (Spanish).
Words that end in (OUS) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (OSO).
(i.e.) delicious = delicioso

TY (English) = DAD (Spanish).
Words that end in (TY) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (DAD).
(i.e.) university = la universidad

ARY (English) = ARIO, ARIA (Spanish)
Many words that end in (ARY) in English are spelled exactly (or nearly exactly) the same in Spanish with new ending (ARIO, ARIA).
(i.e.) penitentiary = la penetenceria
(i.e.) Sanitary- sanitario
(i.e.) Dictionary = el diccionario

IVE (English) = IVO (Spanish)
Words that end in (IVE) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (IVO).
(i.e.) productive = productivo
(i.e.) active = activo
(i.e.) explosive = el explosivo

ADJECTIVES ONLY
LY (English) = MENTE (Spanish).
Words that end in (LY) in English tend to be spelled exactly the same, except that the spelling in Spanish ends with (MENTE).
(i.e.) naturally = naturalmente

OTHER NOTES:
Also, words that have QU (in English), often can be replaced with C (in Spanish).
(i.e.) Aquarium = la acuario

Sometimes you can barter, sometimes you can’t.

Staying on top of diarhea is a good start. Only drink bottled water. Taking acidophilus does wonders. Taking acidophilus does more than avoiding washed vegetables and fruit that is washed with tap water.

Internet chat is the cheapest way to have a conversation back home. Since Internet chat is the most popular reason people use Internet cafes, all machines normally have Yahoo Messenger and MSN Messenger installed. However, some cafes are equipped with microphones for voice chat, while others will require you to bring your own microphone. A cheap microphone runs around $5 and is a good item to carry if you want to be guaranteed to voice while away on holiday. The same holds true for web cams as far as availability is concerned.

When you consider that you can have a voice conversation for less than dollar an hour on almost any street without needing a phone card, this is definitely the way to go.